- Sound designer:
- responsible for everything related to the sound for a given production
- renting for sound equipment
- setting of all sound cues
- production sound engineer: runs the sound mixer during the production. He/she responsible for mixing all of the sound
- Head sound engineer: supervises the crews who install the sound system an ensures that the systems function properly and as designed by the designer
- Sound crew does the actual recording and editing.
- The size of the sound team depends greatly on the show's budget and producing organization
- Team can range from an individual to a whole crew
- A sound design is composed of a sound score and/or sound reinforcement
- The sound score is the music and sounds used throughout the entire production
- Sound score can be pre-recorded or written specifically for the production.
- Sounds in a sound design include not only conventional sounds like "door bell" but "crashes," and "bangs."
- Some sound score designers blend aural images together and compose music creating a soundscape for the play
- Music is used to elaborate on the emotional intensity of moments in a play
- The sound/music does not always have to be in obvious parallel with the emotional content of the scene. Contrasting feelings can be a powerful tool to reveal hidden conflict.
- Very subtle things can make a huge difference
- for example...A simple ringing of the telephone can be completely specified by changing the rhythm in which it rings or the pitch/
- Certain features of an object's sound can reveal information like the geographical location and time period of that object.
- Sound reinforcement is the use of sound systems to amplify and process the voices of actors, singers, the orchestra, and sound effects.
- Good sound system will do this transparently
- Audience should forget that the sound is being projected from a system after a few minutes into the play
- The sound should be so natural and "right" so that it absorbs the audience into the world of the play
The Nature of Sound
- Frequency is the rate measured in cycles per second at which an object vibrates
- Higher the frequency equals higher the pitch
- Direct relationship that exists between frequency and pitch
- Loudness and Intensity are not synonymous
- Intensity is the measureable quantity of the power of the sound typically given in decibels where as loudness is a subjective term that describes a person's perception of sound intensity
Acoustics
-the study of the generation, transmission, and reception of sound
- a theatre with good acoustics will effectively project sound to the audience
- The material used in the creation of the walls, ceiling, and floor of the auditorium have a great impact on the reflection of the sound
- The harder the material is the better it reflects sound
- Timbre is the distinctive quality of a sound
Sound Production
- Music sounds better in the auditorium with a decay time of 1-2 seconds
- It isn't possible to create a theatre equally well balanced for speech and music
Sound System Configuration
- Three basic types of sound systems used in theatre
- Sound reinforcement, sound recording, and sound playback
- Powered loudspeakers have built in power amplifiers and signal processing capabilities
- Low frequency needs more power to produce than mid or high frequency sounds
Prerecorded Sources
- Prerecorded sounds are rarely ever played directly from their original sources during the production
- They are usually copied into the show sequencer's sound file and manipulated as necessary
Mixdown
- used to construct the sound cues for the production
- after all show cues are constructed, a copy of the sound cue file is stored onto a hard drive
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